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View the Table of Contents for the October 15 issue of Cancer Research.
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MicroRNAs (miRNA) are recently identified gene regulators that are at abnormal levels and implicated in virtually all types of cancer. Because miRNAs each regulate hundreds of mRNAs simultaneously, the potential for cellular transformation resulting from dysfunction of a single miRNA is high and the role of miRNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in disease is just being defined. Chin and colleagues report on a SNP in a miRNA binding site of the human oncogene (KRAS) that increases the risk for developing non–small cell lung cancer. While the role of miRNAs in cancer has quickly become realized, the potential of SNPs that disrupt miRNA binding as predictors of cancer risk is a new and likely extremely fruitful direction of future study.
Albers et al. Page 8607 Hyperpolarization is a powerful new technique that provides an unprecedented increase in the signal-to-noise for in-vivo 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). Using this technique, Albers and colleagues determined if hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate and its metabolic products could improve the detection and characterization of prostate cancer aggressiveness. They found that the level of hyperpolarized lactate that evolved from injected [1-13C]pyruvate increased with prostate tumor pathologic grade in transgenic mice. The lactate levels demonstrated minimal overlap between low-grade tumors and normal prostates and no overlap between low- and high-grade tumors. Thus, hyperpolarized lactate has great potential to become a new biomarker capable of improving prostate cancer detection and characterization of aggressiveness in patients.
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