American Association for Cancer Research

Basic Biology and Cancer


What is Cancer?

   

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by unregulated and uncontrolled cell growth, invasion, and the spread of these cells to other sites of the body. The keywords here are unregulated and uncontrolled.

Here’s an example. Let’s say you took a little chunk out of your skin. Your body would replace this piece of skin through a process that is nothing less than amazing. First, somehow your body would realize that you had gotten injured and that something—a piece of skin—is missing. Second, your body would realize that it needed to replace this missing skin, and begin to do so. Third, and this is key, it would know when to stop replacing the skin. It would know when no more skin cells were needed. The problem with cancer is that cancer cells don’t know when to stop. Cancer cells are cells that used to act normally, but then they figured out how to not stop, and so even when no more cells are needed, they keep on growing and dividing.

 

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